3 Questions ร  Mohamed Bassiouny, QuRISK

(English below ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡งโฌ‡๏ธ)

1. Oรน en est-on du rapport des entreprises ร  la PQC ?

Mohamed Bassiouny (MB) : La plupart des organisations prennent le sujet PQC (Post-Quantum Cryptography) au sรฉrieux aujourdโ€™hui. On nโ€™a plus lโ€™impression de crier dans le dรฉsert comme aux dรฉbuts de QuRISK, il y a 5 ansโ€ฏ! Les clients sont de plus en plus nombreux, avec la banque et lโ€™assurance qui ont รฉtรฉ les premiers ร  prendre les devants, et dรฉsormais on a tous types de clients notamment des industriels, surtout ceux qui font de la R&D ou traitent des donnรฉes confidentielles.

Avec la plupart des clients on a commencรฉ des actions dโ€™inventaireโ€ฏ: prรฉ-inventaire, macro-inventaire, prรฉ-รฉvaluationโ€ฆ Finalement le plus le long cโ€™est de savoir oรน il faut intervenir, comment et quand. Ensuite la bascule vers les algorithmes post-quantiques nโ€™est pas si compliquรฉe, avec parfois nรฉanmoins des blocages qui peuvent apparaitre, comme un HSM (Hardware Security Module) qui se rรฉvรจle impossible ร  updater. Et dans ce cas, on doit annoncer au client quโ€™il va falloir le remplacerโ€ฆ

2. Il y a beaucoup de mauvaises surprises comme รงaโ€ฏ? Faire entrer la PQC dans les organisations cโ€™est le bordel assurรฉโ€ฏ?

MB : Au contraireโ€ฏ! Cโ€™est de plus en plus simple. Avant tout รฉtait neuf pour tout le monde, et on pataugeait un peu... Maintenant le conseil en cybersรฉcuritรฉ quantique arrive ร  maturitรฉ grรขce aux retours dโ€™expรฉrience. Ce quโ€™on vient faire est complexe, mais pas compliquรฉ. On intervient de la maniรจre la plus discrรจte possible, et on s'intรฉresse surtout ร  la partie asymรฉtrique. Quand il y a une base crypto solide et de la documentation on est moins obligรฉ de solliciter les รฉquipes, mais quoi quโ€™il arrive, on parle le mรชme langage, cโ€™est toujours smooth. Et cโ€™est pareil quand on a affaire aux dรฉveloppeurs, aux gens de la R&D, de la gouvernance et de la conformitรฉ. Ils savent quโ€™on est lร  pour de bonnes raisonsโ€ฆ

Et puis on vient aussi nettoyer leur systรจme crypto! Parce quโ€™il y a toujours un peu de dette. En passant les systรจmes en revue, on trouve des choses qui sont censรฉes avoir disparu, depuis 2009 parfoisโ€ฆ Les mรฉcanismes qui supportent la PQC sont modernes, donc il faut virer ces vieux mรฉcanismes bloquants. On est obligรฉ de faire une passe ยซ dโ€™hygiรจne cryptographiqueโ€ฏยป. Et ce petit coup de propre est trรจs satisfaisant pour tout le monde. Comme quand on passe enfin le balai sous les gros meubles.

3. Quelle est la nouvelle chose ร  mettre en place lร  tout de suite, avant 2027โ€ฏ?

MB : Ce qui faut mettre en place avant 2027 cโ€™est une capacitรฉ de veille sur le sujet cybersรฉcuritรฉ quantique. ร‡a va trop viteโ€ฏ! Donc si vous nโ€™avez pas de spรฉcialiste innovation ou cyber-risque, abonnez-vous ร  notre newsletter mensuelle pour assurer un suivi minimum. Il y a beaucoup dโ€™avancรฉes techniques, technologiques et surtout surtout rรฉglementairesโ€ฏ!

Pour donner un exemple, la montรฉe de lโ€™IA change parfois la donne, elle crรฉe de nouveaux challengesโ€ฏ. Parmi les propositions de nouveaux algorithmes de crypto post-quantique par le NIST il y avait Hawk qui รฉtait testรฉ depuis 2 ans, et il a รฉtรฉ cassรฉ en 60h par Claude Mythos, donc voilร โ€ฆ poubelle.

Bon, mais pragmatiquement pour les organisations face au risque quantique, il faut continuer sur cette bonne lancรฉe. Dโ€™urgence commencer les stratรฉgies et les inventaires pour ceux qui ne les ont pas initiรฉs, et lโ€™idรฉe pour 2027 cโ€™est dโ€™avoir des inventaires complets, des outils choisis, et de commencer le dรฉveloppement de la PQC sur une partie de lโ€™ITโ€ฏ: un systรจme pilote identifiรฉ.


๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง English version

3 Questions for Mohamed Bassiouny, QuRISK

1. Where do companies stand today on PQC?

Mohamed Bassiouny (MB): Most organisations now take the subject seriously. We no longer feel like we're shouting into the void, as we did when QuRISK started out five years ago! Our client base keeps growing. Banking and insurance were the first to get ahead of the curve, which makes sense, but we now work with all kinds of clients, including industrial companies, especially those doing R&D or handling confidential data.

With most clients, we've started with inventory work: pre-inventory, macro-inventory, pre-assessmentโ€ฆ In the end, the longest part is figuring out where to intervene, how and when. After that, the switch to post-quantum algorithms isn't that complicated, although blockers can sometimes come up, such as an HSM (hardware security module) that turns out to be impossible to update. In that case, you have to tell the client it will need to be replacedโ€ฆ

2. Are there a lot of nasty surprises like that? Is bringing PQC into an organisation a guaranteed mess?

MB: Quite the opposite! It's getting simpler and simpler. In the beginning, everything was new to everyone, and we were all finding our feet... Now quantum cybersecurity consulting is coming of age, thanks to lessons learned in the field. What we're here to do is complex, but not complicated. We work as unobtrusively as possible, and we focus mainly on the asymmetric side. When there's a solid crypto foundation and good documentation, we don't need to call on the teams as much, but either way, we speak the same language, so it's always smooth. And it's the same when we're dealing with developers, R&D people, or governance and compliance teams. They know we're there for the right reasons...

And we also come in to clean up their crypto systems! Because there's always a bit of debt. When we review the systems, we find things that were supposed to be gone, sometimes since 2009... The mechanisms that support PQC are modern, so these old, blocking mechanisms have to go. We have to do a "cryptographic hygiene" pass. And that little clean-up is very satisfying for everyone. It's like finally sweeping under the heavy furniture.

3. What's the one new thing to put in place right now, before 2027?

MB: What needs to be in place before 2027 is the ability to monitor developments in quantum cybersecurity. Things are moving too fast! So if you don't have an innovation or cyber-risk specialist, subscribe to our monthly newsletter to keep at least a minimum level of oversight. There are a lot of technical and technological developments, and above all, regulatory ones!

To give you an example, the rise of AI is now changing the game and creating new challenges. Among the new post-quantum cryptography algorithms proposed to NIST was Hawk, which had been under testing for two years, and it was broken in 60 hours by Claude Mythos. So there you goโ€ฆ straight in the bin.

That said, pragmatically speaking, organisations facing the quantum threat need to keep up this good momentum. Those who haven't yet started their strategies and inventories need to do so urgently, and the goal for 2027 is to have complete inventories, tools selected, and PQC deployment underway on part of the IT estate: an identified pilot system.

Mohamed Bassiouny

Quantum Risk & Cybersecurity Lab Lead - QuRISK

https://www.linkedin.com/in/mbassiouny/
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Guide de Migration vers la Cryptographie Post-Quantique

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The Quantum-Safe Sentinel #10 โ€“ July 2026